《现代俄罗斯及前苏联中的异教/魔法文化》The Occult in Modern

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“神秘学”是指被遮盖或隐藏的东西。该术语适用于各种各样的学说和实践，从复杂的信仰体系（如神智学和人类学）到巫术和广泛的占卜实践（占星术、塔罗牌等），以及从灵性主义者的降神会到某些宗派邪教的狂欢节。在社会压力变大、文化混乱和宗教不确定的时期，神秘主义就会脱颖而出。19 世纪末和 20 世纪初俄罗斯的神秘复兴是对俄罗斯东正教信誉下降、知识分子意识形态的精神/心理不足、快速工业化的不稳定影响以及持续的政治动荡的回应。对神秘学的兴趣跨越了政治分歧和阶级界限，但对女性有特殊的吸引力。复杂的教义与取自卡巴拉、佛教、瑜伽、西伯利亚萨满教的思想或实践以及神秘教派的实践以及通常取自异教、魔法和“破坏”的民间信仰共存。神秘学说亦影响了俄罗斯帝国晚期的艺术和思想。那个时代的象征主义作家和画家认为，在现实世界之上还有一个更高的世界，只有艺术家凭借其特殊的力量才能感知到。而立体未来主义者和至上主义画家认为，几何和抽象形式构成了隐藏在经验现实幻象之下或之外的真实现实。对身心互动、超心理学和催眠术的神秘强调有助于为新的心理学科学设定未来的研究目标。神秘主义与世界末日论以及激进的政治学说混合在一起，这些教义鼓吹将（利己主义的）自我分解为更大的宏观自我。而各种各样的恶魔阴谋都被归咎于犹太人和共济会。 “神秘学达到了宫廷的最高层；着名的拉斯普京也只是冰山一角。神秘主义也是苏联文化中的一个元素。在苏联早期的乌托邦主义中，魔法与科学之间的界限消失了。以前投资于宗教和魔法的资金，都被转移到技术和科学上。斯大林主义的政治文化利用来自神秘元素的思想试图影响群众。甚至有人认为，斯大林的名字具有某种咒语意义。当代俄罗斯神秘主义受到去斯大林化、共产主义崩溃以及由此产生的精神/文化混乱和经济混乱的推动。西方的新时代运动有明显的相似之处，但俄罗斯弥赛亚主义的神秘变体似乎正在发展。"Occult" means that which is covered or hidden . The term applies to a wide variety of doctrines and practices, ranging from elaborate belief systems such as Theosophy and Anthroposophy to sorcery, witchcraft, and a wide-range of divinatory practices (astrology ,palm-reading tarot cards, et . al), and from the seances of the Spiritualists to the orgiasti crituals of certain sectarian cults. Occultism comes to the fore in times of social stress, cultural confusion, and religious uncertainty .The occult revival of late 19th and early 20th century Russia was a response to the fading credibility of the Russian Orthodox Church, the spiritual/psychological inadequacy of intelligentsia ideologies, the destabilizing effects of rapid industrialization, and continued political upheaval. Interest in the occult cut across political divisions and class lines, but had a special appeal to women . Sophisticated doctrines coexisted, often in the same persons ,with ideas or practices taken from Kabbala, Buddhism, Yoga, Siberian shamanism, and practices of the mystical sectarians, and folk beliefs, often taken from the pagan Slays, in magic and "spoiling . "Occult doctrines influenced the art and thought of late Imperial Russia . Symbolist writers and painters of the era held that there was another higher world which only the artist ,with his/her special powers, could perceive . Cubo-futurist and suprematist painters believed that geometric and abstract forms constituted the authentic reality hidden beneath or beyond the illusions of empirical reality. Occult emphasis on mind-body interaction ,parapsychology, and hypnotism helped set the agenda for the new science of psychology. Occultism blended with apocalypticism, and with radical political doctrines which preached the dissolution of the (egoistic) self in a larger macrocosmic Self . On the right, all sorts of demonic conspiracies were attributed to Jews and freemasons . " Occultism reached the highest circles of the Imperial Court; Rasputin was but the tip of an ice-berg .Occultism was an element in Soviet culture as well. The line between magic and science disappeared in the utopianism of the early Soviet period . Hopes formerly invested in religion and magic were transferred to technology and science . Stalinist political culture utilized ideas taken from the occult elements in its attempt to influence the masses . Stalin\’ s name assumed incantational significance .Contemporary Russian occultism is fueled by destalinization, the collapse of communism, and the resulting spiritual/cultural confusion and economic chaos . There are marked parallels to the New Age Movement in the West, but on the far right, a occult variant of Russian messianism, seems to be developing.

语言:

英文

格式:

pdf

作者:

Bernice Glatzer Rosentha

SummaryIntroduction 介绍 1Occult as Symptom of Social and Cultural Stress 神秘学作为来自社会和文化压力而兴起的现象 2The Occult in Late Imperial Russia 沙俄晚期的神秘学 4Background 背景 4The Russian Fin de Siecle 世纪末的俄罗斯人 7Occultism in the Early Soviet Period 苏联早期的神秘学主义者 13Stalinist Assimilation of the Occult 受斯大林同化影响的神秘学 17The Current Scene 当前情况 18Summary of Conference Papers 24Annex I 28是一篇93年的学术性的文章~ 主要内容是神秘学从沙俄晚期到近现代的发展历程。因社里找不到相关资料，所以就上传分享一下给大家啦。（自己渣翻了Summary的部分和目录的部分。游客，如果您要查看本帖隐藏内容请回复

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摘要：本文将详细阐述《现代俄罗斯及前苏联中的异教/魔法文化》The Occult in Modern，从四个方面进行分析和探讨。首先，我们将介绍俄罗斯的异教和魔法传统，并讨论其在现代社会中的影响力。其次，我们将探讨前苏联时期的魔法和超自然现象，以及其在当时政府和社会中的地位。接着，我们将研究现代俄罗斯的巫术和魔法宗教组织，分析它们的发展和影响。最后，我们将总结归纳这些异教和魔法文化对俄罗斯社会和文化的重要性。