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INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCESPDF电子书下载

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• 作 者：TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND FOLKLORE
• 出 版 社：KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL
• 出版年份：2004
• ISBN：9041122184
• 页数：409 页

图书介绍： 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇：AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHY SHOWCASE VOLUME 11下一篇：THE EURO 《INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES》目录 标签：

Part Ⅰ. Introduction&Silke von Lewinski1

Part Ⅱ. Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Resources in International Law&Peter-Tobias Stoll and Anja von Hahn5

Section 1. Indigenous Peoples in International Law5

Section 2. Indigenous Peoples: Definition Issues8

Ⅰ. The Term "Indigenous": An Approximation8

Ⅱ. The Recognition of Indigenous Peoples as "Peoples"12

Section 3. Some Essential Characteristics of Indigenous Cultures14

Ⅰ. Collective Rights14

Ⅱ. Indigenous Peoples and Their Land15

Ⅲ. Indigenous Heritage: Indigenous and Traditional Resources15

Section 4. Relevant Human Rights Norms in the Context of Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Resources17

Ⅰ. General Human Rights Norms Relevant to the Protection of Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Resources17

1. Human Rights Standards for the Protection of Intellectual Property17

2. Other Relevant Standards in the Context of Indigenous Resources and Traditional Knowledge19

Ⅱ. Specific Human Rights Instruments for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples20

1. ILO Convention No. 16921

2. Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples22

3. The Proposed American Declaration24

Section 5. Indigenous Peoples in International Environmental Law25

Ⅰ. The Convention on Biological Diversity26

1. "Indigenous and Local Communities"26

2. The General Concept27

(a) Dependence of Indigenous and Local Communities on Biological Resources27

(b) The Concept of Benefit-Sharing27

3. Art. 8(j) of the CBD as the Key Operative Provision28

(a) Art. 8(j) in Context: in situ Conservation of Biological Diversity as a State Obligation and the National Law Limitation28

(b) Subject and Contents28

Section 6. Ongoing Discussions: Recent Developments in International Fora Regarding Indigenous Resources and Traditional Knowledge29

Ⅰ. The World Intellectual Property Organization30

Ⅱ. Traditional Knowledge in the Context of the WTO31

Ⅲ. The Convention on Biological Diversity32

Ⅳ. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: The International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources and the Concept of Farmers’ Rights33

1. "Farmers’ Rights" and Indigenous Peoples35

2. The Concept of Farmers’ Rights35

3. Farmers’ Rights, Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property36

Ⅴ. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development37

Ⅵ. The World Health Organization37

Section 7. Recent Developments at the Regional and National Levels with Regard to the Protection of Indigenous Resources and Traditional Knowledge38

Section 8. Statements, Declarations, Charters, Resolutions and Recommendations by Indigenous Peoples40

Section 9. Conclusion42

Bibliography44

Part Ⅲ. Analysis of Different Areas of Indigenous Resources49

Section 1. Traditional Knowledge&Matthias Leistner49

Ⅰ. Findings at the Factual Level49

1. The Growing Importance of Traditional Knowledge49

2. Sources of Factual Information51

3. Terms and Definitions52

4. Characteristics of Traditional Knowledge56

5. The Positive and Negative Aspects of Traditional Knowledge Protection58

6. Practical Needs: Documentation, Assistance and Advice60

7. The Role of Customary Law62

8. Use of Collective Marks and Geographical Indications(Annette Kur)63

Ⅱ. Existing Legal Provisions Regarding the Protection of Traditional Knowledge64

1. Intellectual Property Rights64

(a) International Level64

(b) Regional Level73

(c) National Level76

2. Legal Protection Outside Intellectual Property Rights106

(a) International Level106

(b) Regional Level114

(c) National Level115

Ⅲ Draft Laws and Other Models120

1. International Level120

(a) Developments at the WIPO120

(b) Discussions Relating to the WTO122

(c) Discussions Relating to the CBD124

(d) Other Discussions at the United Nations126

2. Regional Level127

(a) Organization of African Unity127

(b) FTAA Draft Agreement128

(c) Others129

3. National Level129

(a) IPR-Similar sui generis Approaches129

(b) Biodiversity-Oriented Approach: The example of the Brazilian Draft Bill131

(c) Propositions Aimed at Adapting Existing IPR133

(d) Provisions on Assistance and Advice at the National Level133

Ⅳ. Conclusions134

1. Analysis of the Legal Situation134

2. Short- and Medium-Term Measures139

3. Long-Term Measures: Features of a New Protection Right141

Bibliography144

Section 2. Genetic Resources&Michael Hassemer151

Ⅰ. Findings at the Factual Level151

1. Genetic Resources151

(a) Resources151

(b) Public Domain and Sovereign Right154

(c) Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Genetic Resources156

(d) Ex situ Collections158

(e) Human Genetic Resources159

(f) Stakeholders160

2. Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge163

3. Bioprospecting and Biopiracy165

Ⅱ. Existing Legal Provisions Regarding Protection in the Context of Genetic Resources169

1. Intellectual Property Rights169

(a) Patents169

(b) Plant Breeders’ Rights172

(c) Trade Secrets176

2. Outside Intellectual Property Rights176

(a) International Level176

(b) Regional and National Levels188

(c) Contractual Agreements205

Ⅲ. Draft Laws and Other Models209

1. Disclosure of Origin and Prior Informed Consent as a Patent Requirement at the International Level209

2. Other Proposals213

Ⅳ. Conclusions214

Bibliography217

Section 3. Protection of Traditional Names and Designations&Annette Kur and Roland Knaak221

Ⅰ. Findings at the Factual Level221

Ⅱ. Existing Legal Provisions Regarding the Protectionof Traditional Names and Designations224

1. Intellectual Property Rights224

(a) International Level224

(b) Regional Level234

(c) National Level238

2. Outside Intellectual Property Rights254

Ⅲ. Draft Laws and Other Models254

Ⅳ. Conclusions255

1. General Remarks255

2. Solutions for Improved Protection255

(a) Exemptions from the Country of ProtectionPrinciple256

(b) Need for Improvement of Informational Infrastructure256

(c) Measures at the National Level256

(d) Prior Rights257

Bibliography257

Section 4. Folklore&Agnès Lucas-Schloetter259

Ⅰ. Findings at the Factual Level259

1. The Commercial Value of Folklore259

2. The Different Forms of Exploitation of Folklore260

3. The Expectations of Indigenous Peoples with Respect to their Folklore261

4. The Definition of Folklore262

Ⅱ. Existing Legal Regimes Regarding the Protection of Folklore266

1. Intellectual Property Rights266

(a) International Level266

(b) Regional Level274

(c) National Level284

2. Legal Protection of Folklore Outside Intellectual Property316

(a) Customary Law316

(b) Cultural Heritage Legislation321

(c) The Legal Instruments in the Field of Human Rights and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples333

Ⅲ. Draft Laws and Other Models340

1. The Tunis Model Law on Copyright(WIPO/UNESCO, 1976)340

2. The Model Provisions for National Laws on the Protection of the Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and other Prejudicial Actions (WIPO/UNESCO, 1982)342

3. Draft Treaty for the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Actions (WIPO/UNESCO, 1984)345

4. Draft Declarations and National Legislation in the Field of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights347

(a) Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (United Nations, 1994)347

(b) Draft Regional Declarations and National Laws in the Field of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights350

5. Recent WIPO and UNESCO Activities in the Field of Folklore352

6. The Initiatives of Various Semi-Official and Unofficial Groups in the Field of the Protection of Folklore354

(a) International Level354

(b) Regional Level358

(c) National Level: The Example of Australia359

Ⅳ. Conclusions363

Bibliography368

Part Ⅳ. Final Considerations&Silke von Lewinski379

Section 1. Preliminary Remarks379

Section 2. The Needs as Expressed by Indigenous Peoples380

Section 3. Protection by Existing Intellectual Property Regimes381

Ⅰ. Protection of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore per se381

Ⅱ. Protection of"Derivates"383

1. "Derivates" Produced by Indigenous Peoples383

2. "Derivates" Produced by Outsiders384

(a) Opposition to Intellectual Property Rights of Outsiders of Indigenous Communities384

(b) Possible Responses to Claims for Defensive Protection385

Section 4. Protection of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore by Legal Regimes beyond Intellectual Property386

Ⅰ. Customary Law386

1. Problematic Issues386

2. Basic Approaches387

Ⅱ. Non-Economic and Economic Privileges388

1. Holders of rights389

2. Object of Protection and Uses Covered390

3. Other Issues390

4. Objections to Sui Generis Protection: Public Domain391

5. Usefulness of Databases393

6. Collecting Societies394

Section 5. The Level of Legal Measures395

Section 6. Additional Instruments395

Section 7. Practical Measures396

Bibliography397

Index399

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摘要：本文以“INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载”为中心，从四个方面对文档进行详细阐述，包括遗传资源保护、知识产权保护、文化传承与创新以及国际合作与交流。通过分析，旨在为我国遗传资源保护与利用提供有益的参考。

1、遗传资源保护

遗传资源是生物多样性的基础，对人类社会发展具有重要意义。INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载详细介绍了遗传资源的概念、分类、价值以及保护现状。首先，文档阐述了遗传资源的概念，将其定义为自然界中具有遗传多样性的生物群体、种群、物种、基因和基因型。其次，文档对遗传资源进行了分类，包括植物遗传资源、动物遗传资源、微生物遗传资源等。此外，文档还分析了遗传资源在农业、医药、环保等领域的价值，以及我国遗传资源保护现状，为我国遗传资源保护提供了理论依据。

文档指出，遗传资源保护应从以下几个方面入手：一是加强立法，明确遗传资源保护的法律地位；二是建立遗传资源保护体系，包括遗传资源调查、收集、保存、利用等环节；三是加强国际合作，共同保护全球遗传资源；四是提高公众意识，倡导绿色消费。

此外，文档还强调了遗传资源保护与利用的可持续发展原则，即保护与利用相结合，确保遗传资源的可持续利用。

2、知识产权保护

知识产权保护是保障遗传资源合理利用的重要手段。INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载对知识产权保护进行了详细阐述。首先，文档介绍了知识产权的概念、类型和特点，包括专利、商标、著作权等。其次，文档分析了知识产权在遗传资源保护与利用中的作用，如激励创新、保护遗传资源权益等。

文档指出，知识产权保护应遵循以下原则：一是公平合理，确保各方权益；二是透明公开，便于公众监督；三是灵活多样，适应不同遗传资源的特点。

此外，文档还介绍了我国知识产权保护现状，包括法律法规、执法力度、国际合作等方面，为我国知识产权保护提供了有益借鉴。

3、文化传承与创新

文化传承与创新是遗传资源保护与利用的重要途径。INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载对文化传承与创新进行了深入探讨。首先，文档阐述了文化传承与创新的概念，指出文化传承是保持民族特色、弘扬民族精神的重要手段，创新则是推动社会进步、提升国家竞争力的关键因素。

文档指出，文化传承与创新应从以下几个方面入手：一是加强民族文化的传承与保护，包括非物质文化遗产、传统技艺等；二是推动科技创新，将遗传资源应用于医药、农业等领域；三是加强文化交流，促进民族文化的融合与发展。

此外，文档还强调了文化传承与创新在遗传资源保护与利用中的重要性，为我国遗传资源保护与利用提供了有益启示。

4、国际合作与交流

国际合作与交流是遗传资源保护与利用的重要保障。INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载对国际合作与交流进行了详细阐述。首先，文档介绍了国际合作与交流的意义，包括促进遗传资源保护、推动科技创新、提升国家形象等。

文档指出，国际合作与交流应从以下几个方面入手：一是加强政府间合作，共同制定遗传资源保护政策；二是推动民间交流，促进遗传资源保护与利用的实践；三是加强国际组织的作用，发挥其在遗传资源保护与利用中的协调作用。

此外，文档还介绍了我国在国际合作与交流中的地位和作用，为我国遗传资源保护与利用提供了有益借鉴。

总结：

本文从遗传资源保护、知识产权保护、文化传承与创新以及国际合作与交流四个方面对INDIGENOUS HERITAGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GENETIC RESOURCES.pdf电子书版文档下载进行了详细阐述。通过对文档的分析，为我国遗传资源保护与利用提供了有益的参考。在今后的工作中，我国应加强遗传资源保护与利用，推动遗传资源保护与利用的可持续发展。

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