此《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》为民国30年（1941年）7月绘制发行的彩色上海鸟瞰规划地图，由（日）吉田丰绘制，上海恒产有限公司发行，地图比例尺：未标注，原图为(77.47 x 105.41 cm中文彩色地图，现藏Geographicus。
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An outstanding 1941 / Minguo 30 / Showa 16 bird’s-eye view map of ‘Greater Shanghai’, a massive-scale redevelopment of Shanghai proposed between 1927 and 1945. The view by Yoshida Feng (吉田丰) looks southward on Shanghai from an assumed highpoint above modern day Binjaing Forest Park, near where the Huangpu River empties into the Baoshan Waterway. The original intention of ‘Greater Shanghai’ was to replace the foreign-run concession zone with a larger spectacular new Chinese-governed city that would act as Shanghai’s economic and political hub. In line with these values, Greater Shanghai, appearing in the foreground, presents a well laid out and commodious modern city, with an enormous port, monumental architecture, spacious gardens, and comfortable residential areas. By contract, the foreign concession area, appearing in the distance, seems diminished, small, and crowded.
The Greater Shanghai Plan – 大上海计划
In 1927 the Chinese Nationalist government conceived of a grandiose plan to build a new Shanghai downriver from the Bund and concession areas – called Greater Shanghai (大上海计划). They hoped Greater Shanghai would diminish the significance of the International Settlement and French Concessions in favor of the new fully Chinese-governed city. Their plan for the new city ironically followed the guidelines laid down in British urban planner Ebenezer Howard’s 1902 book Garden Cities of Tomorrow and included broad park-lined avenues, enormous plazas, municipal lakes, and more. It also included a new government center, with imposing buildings surrounded by manicured gardens.
The Shanghai-Hengshen Company Development
When the Japanese invaded Shanghai in 1937, they coopted the vision of Greater Shanghai, but put their own stamp on it with a new plan partially derived from the original. This they termed the ‘Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Plan’ (‘ 上海大都市计划). Development rights fell to the newly minted Japanese joint-stock company Shanghai-Hengshen Ltd. (上海恒产股份有限公司 / 恒产株式会社). The firm used war plunder to capitalize its development and construction operations. They brought in hundreds of Japanese immigrants to manage the Greater Shanghai construction project, constructing more than 100 garden houses in Wujiaochang (literally ‘five corner plaza’), which here appears prominently as a large roundabout at center. Development of the new city proceeded on-and-off throughout the war but ended in 1945, when the Japanese were fully driven from Shanghai. Following the war, governance of the concessions reverted to Chinese authorities, negating the original purpose for Greater Shanghai. Although Shanghai did ultimately expand into these areas, the grand vision was replaced by more organic growth.
Publication History and Census
This view was commissioned by Yan Chuan of Hengsan Ltd. and drawn by the Japanese artist Yoshida Feng (吉田丰). It was printed in Tokyo by the Japanese firm Toppan (凸版印刷株式会社), which still exists. This view is rare. We have been unable to identify any other examples in any collection, public or private. The work does appear in a scarce Chinese-published catalog of views, but we have been unable to trace their source image.
CARTOGRAPHERS
Yoshida Feng (吉田丰, fl. c. 1900 – 1942) was a Japanese artist and viewmaker is the style of Yoshida Hatsu Saburo (吉田 初三郎). He is known to have produced two views of know, an 1835 view of Kyoto entitled ‘City view of Osaka’ (大大阪市市势大观) and a large-scale view of Shanghai entitled, ‘Aerial view of the construction design of the new city of Shanghai’ (大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图).
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摘要：1941年，《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》作为上海城市规划和建设的重要历史文献，展现了当时上海都市建设的宏伟蓝图。本文将从历史背景、设计理念、建筑特色和影响意义四个方面对这幅鸟瞰图进行详细阐述，以揭示其在中国现代城市规划史上的重要地位。
1、历史背景
1941年，正值抗日战争时期，上海作为国际大都市，其城市建设和规划面临着前所未有的挑战。此时，《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》的问世，不仅反映了当时上海城市建设的迫切需求，也体现了中国城市规划者的远见卓识。
在战争背景下，上海的城市建设面临着诸多困境，如人口膨胀、基础设施落后、城市规划混乱等。为了解决这些问题，上海市政府委托国内外知名建筑师和规划师，共同制定了《大上海新都市建设计画》。这幅鸟瞰图作为该计划的视觉呈现，展现了上海未来城市建设的美好愿景。
在当时的历史背景下，《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》的问世，具有极高的历史价值。它不仅记录了上海城市建设的历程，也为后世留下了宝贵的历史资料。
2、设计理念
《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》的设计理念主要体现在以下几个方面：以人为本、功能分区、生态平衡和可持续发展。
以人为本：在设计过程中，规划者充分考虑了市民的生活需求，将住宅、商业、文化、教育等设施合理布局，为市民创造一个宜居、宜业、宜游的城市环境。
功能分区：根据城市功能需求，将城市划分为居住区、商业区、工业区、文化教育区等，实现城市功能的合理分区。
生态平衡：注重城市生态环境的保护，提倡绿色建筑、绿色交通，实现人与自然的和谐共生。
可持续发展：以长远眼光规划城市发展，注重资源的合理利用和环境保护，确保城市可持续发展。
3、建筑特色
《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》中的建筑特色主要体现在以下几个方面：中西合璧、现代主义、民族风格和生态建筑。
中西合璧：在建筑设计中，规划者巧妙地将中西建筑元素相结合，既保留了传统建筑的韵味，又展现了现代建筑的气息。
现代主义：在建筑设计中，规划者注重功能性和简洁性，强调建筑的空间感和光影效果。
民族风格：在建筑设计中，规划者融入了民族元素，展现了上海独特的地域文化。
生态建筑：在建筑设计中，规划者注重生态环保，提倡绿色建筑、节能建筑。
4、影响意义
《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》对上海城市建设和规划产生了深远的影响，主要体现在以下几个方面：
推动城市规划理念更新：该图展现了现代城市规划的理念，为后世城市规划提供了借鉴。
促进城市基础设施建设：该图提出了完善的城市基础设施规划，为上海城市基础设施建设提供了指导。
提升城市形象：该图展现了上海未来城市建设的美好愿景，提升了上海的城市形象。
激发城市创新活力：该图激发了上海城市创新活力，为后世城市规划提供了源源不断的灵感。
总结：
1941年，《大上海新都市建设计画鸟瞰图》作为上海城市规划和建设的重要历史文献，不仅展现了当时上海都市建设的宏伟蓝图，也体现了中国城市规划者的远见卓识。通过对这幅鸟瞰图的历史背景、设计理念、建筑特色和影响意义的详细阐述，我们可以看到其在现代城市规划史上的重要地位。
本文由nayona.cn整理
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