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Modern Trends in Physiology and BiochemistryPDF电子书下载

外文

• 作 者：
• 出 版 社：Academic Press Inc.
• 出版年份：1952
• ISBN：
• 页数：538 页

图书介绍： 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇：JAVASCRIPT DEVELOPER’S RESOURCE下一篇：TOTAL RELATIONSHIP MARKETING:THIRD EDITION 《Modern Trends in Physiology and Biochemistry》目录 标签：

The Mechanism of Enzymatic Oxidation-Reductions＆BY E．S．GUZMAN BARRON,Chemical Division,The Department of Medicine,The University of Chicago,Chicago,Illinois1

Ⅰ．Introduction1

Ⅱ．Oxidation-Reduction Systems in Cell Respiration11

Ⅲ．The Protein Component15

Ⅳ．Mechanism of Enzymatic Oxidations18

References23

The Identification of Enzyme-Substrate Compounds＆BY BRITTON CHANCE,Johnson Research Foundation,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania25

Ⅰ．Introduction25

Ⅱ．The Identification of Catalytically Active Intermediate Compounds of Enzymes with Their Substrates27

Ⅲ．The Correlation of Overall and Enzyme-Substrate Kinetics33

Ⅳ．Summary45

References46

The Cytoplasm,Its Structure and Role in Metabolism,Growth and Differentiation＆BY JOHN RUNNSTR？M,Wenner-Gren＇s Institute,Stockholm,Sweden47

Ⅰ．Cytoplasmic Morphology47

Ⅱ．Experimental Approach to Cytoplasmic Structure49

Ⅲ．Cytoplasmic Components and Metabolism52

Ⅳ．Further Discussion of the Properties and Physiological Changes in the Cytoplasmic Ground Substance58

Ⅴ．The Cell Surface as a Site of Metabolism61

Ⅵ．The Origin of the Particulate Components of the Cytoplasm64

Ⅶ．Interaction between Particulates and the Ground Cytoplasm66

Ⅷ．The Role of Cytoplasm in Differentiation68

References73

Physiology of the Cell Nucleus＆BY DANIEL MAZIA,Department of Zoology,University of California,Berkeley．California77

Ⅰ．Introduction77

Ⅱ．The Chemical Description of the Cell Nucleus79

Ⅲ．Biochemical Associations in the Nucleus and Chromosomes82

Ⅳ．The Physical Properties of the Nucleus84

Ⅴ．The Physiological Role of the Cell Nucleus87

Ⅵ．The Nucleus in Cell Metabolism92

Ⅶ．Hypotheses Concerning the Action of the Nucleus100

Ⅷ．Nucleus-Cytoplasm Interaction104

Ⅸ．The Genetic Function of the Nucleus109

Ⅹ．Summary118

References119

The Physiology of Cell Division＆BY L．V．HEILBRUNN,Department of Zoology,Unwersity of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania123

References133

Molecular Anatomy of the Red Cell Plasma Membrane＆BY ARTHUR K．PARPART AND ROBERT BALLENTINE,Department of Biology,Princeton University,Princeton,New Jersey and the McCollum-Pratt Institute,The Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,Maryland135

Ⅰ．Introduction135

Ⅱ．The Types and Number of Molecules in Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane136

Ⅲ．Lipoprotein Complexes in the Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane137

Ⅳ．Some Physical Properties of the Plasma Membrane139

Ⅴ．Molecular Anatomy of the Plasma Membrane143

References147

The Measurement of Cell Permeability with Particular Reference to the Erythrocyte＆BY M．H．JACOBS,Department of Physiology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania149

Ⅰ．Introduction149

Ⅱ．The Nature of Cell Permeability151

Ⅲ．The Mathematical Treatment of Permeability154

Ⅵ．Significance of Permeability Constants164

References169

The Sodium and Potassium Balance of Muscle and Nerve＆BY H．BURR STEINBACH,The University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,Minnesota173

Ⅰ．Introduction173

Ⅱ．The Normal Distribution of Sodium and Potassium in Muscle and Nerve176

Ⅲ．Alterations in Sodium and Potassium Contents of Muscle and Nerve177

Ⅳ．Permeability of Muscle and Nerve to Sodium and Potassium179

Ⅴ．Active Transport of Sodium in Muscle and Nerve181

Ⅵ．Sodium and Potassium Binding in Muscle and Nerve183

Ⅶ．The Biological Significance of Sodium and Potassium Distribution in Muscle and Nerve186

Ⅷ．Sodium and Potassium in Phenomena of Excitability and Conduction189

References191

Mechanism and Properties of Bioelectric-Potentials＆BY HARRY GRUNDFEST,College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University,New York,New York193

Ⅰ．Introduction193

Ⅱ．Excitation195

Ⅲ．Physical Constants of the Nerve Fiber200

Ⅳ．Physiological Consequences of the Physical Properties202

Ⅴ．Local and Propagated Activity204

Ⅵ．The Bioelectric Generator207

Ⅶ．The Compound Spike213

Ⅷ．Some Correlates of the After-Potentials221

References226

Chemical Mechanisms of Nerve Activity＆BY DAVID NACHMANSOHN,College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University,New York,New York229

Ⅰ．Introduction:Signs of Nerve Activity Recorded by Physical Methods230

Ⅱ．Chemical Mechanisms of Nerve Activity236

Ⅲ．Summary268

References272

Transmission Processes at Nerve-Muscle Junctions＆BY STEPHEN W．KUFFLER,Wilmer Institute,The Johns Hopkins Hospital and University,Baltimore,Maryland277

Ⅰ．Introduction277

Ⅱ．The Mechanism of Transmission279

Ⅲ．General Comment286

Ⅳ．Summary288

References289

On Ultrastructure and Function in Nerve．Nonelectrical,Physical Aspects of Excitation and Conduction,as Deduced Primarily from Polarization Experiments＆BY JULIAN M．TOBIAS,Department of Physiology,University of Chicago,Chicago,Illinois291

Ⅰ．Introductory Remarks:General Framework within Which Polarization Experiments Are Oriented291

Ⅱ．Rationale and Justification for Extending Polarization Experiments295

Ⅲ．Results of Certain Polarization Experiments298

Ⅳ．Long Axis Ion Displacement Experiments and Certain Pertinent Calculations304

Ⅴ．Probable Nonelectrical,Physical Components of the Propagating Nerve Impulse Tentatively Predictable from the above Considerations:Question of Net Changes and the Role of Metabolism310

Ⅵ．To What Extent Is There Evidence,from Direct Observations on Conducting Axones,Which Supports or Negates the above Predictions?313

Ⅶ．Concluding Remarks315

Addendum318

References318

Problems in the Comparative Physiology of Nervous Systems＆BY C．LADD PROSSER,University of Illinois,Urbana,Illinois323

Ⅰ．Intracellular Participation in Conduction323

Ⅱ．Origin of Nervous Function and Evolutionary Trends325

Ⅲ．Junctional Transmission325

Ⅳ．Mechanism of Action of Acetylcholine,Adrenaline,and Tyramine331

Ⅴ．Inhibition334

Ⅵ．Spontaneous Activity334

Ⅶ．Persistent Changes in Excitability335

References335

Biochemical Evolution＆BY GEORGE WALD,The Biological Laboratories,Harvard University,Cambridge,Massachusetts337

Ⅰ．Introduction337

Ⅱ．Immunological Relations339

Ⅲ．Creatine and Arginine342

Ⅳ．Biochemical Recapitulation and Metamorphosis345

Ⅴ．Ionic and Osmotic Relations349

Ⅵ．Carotenoids and Light Reception354

Ⅶ．Heme Pigments362

References372

Thermodynamics and Muscle＆By A．SZENT-GY？RGYI,The Institute for Muscle Research,Marine Biological Laboratory,Woods Hole,Massachusetts377

References393

Studies on the Contractile Protein System of Muscle＆BY W．F．H．M．MOMMAERTS,Department of Biochemistry,Duke University School of Medicine,Durham,North Carolina395

Ⅰ．The Purification of Myosin396

Ⅱ．Molecular Morphology of Myosin397

Ⅲ．The Properties of Actin398

Ⅳ．The Actomyosin Complex400

Ⅴ．The Effect of ATP upon Actomyosin Systems402

References403

On the Mechanism of Drug Action＆BY OTTO LOEWI,Department of Pharmacology,New York University Medical School,New York405

Ⅰ．Introduction405

Ⅱ．Goals of Pharmacology406

Ⅲ．Drugs and the Cell Surface406

Ⅳ．Penetration through the Cell Membrane408

Ⅴ．First Interaction between Drug and Cell410

Ⅵ．The Role of Spatial Configuration and Chemical Modifications411

Ⅶ．The Role of Enzymes413

Ⅷ．Mode of Action of Organ-Specific Drugs416

References423

Some Metal Complexes with Proteins and Other Large Molecules＆BY IRVING M．KLOTZ,Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences,Northwestern University,Evanston,Illinois427

Ⅰ．Introduction427

Ⅱ．Stoichiometry of Metal Complexes428

Ⅲ．Bond Strength of Metal Complexes432

Ⅳ．Molecular Nature of Metal-Protein Linkages443

References450

Some Consideration of the Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Chymotrypsin＆BY HANS NEURATH,Deportment of Biochemistry,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington453

Ⅰ．Introduction453

Ⅱ．Properties of Chymotrypsinogen and Chymotrypsins454

Ⅲ．The Biological Activity of Chymotrypsins460

Ⅳ．General Considerations467

References468

The Oxidative Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism＆BY E．S．GUZMAN BARRON,The Chemical Division,Department of Medicine,The Uni ersity of Chicago,Chicago,Illinois471

Ⅰ．Introduction471

Ⅱ．Direct Oxidation of Carbohydrates472

Ⅲ．Direct Phosphorylative Oxidation of Carbohydrates476

Ⅳ．Pyruvate Metabolism478

Ⅴ．Anaerobic Reactions of Pyruvic Acid479

Ⅵ．Carbohydrate Oxidation after the Obligatory Phase of Fermentation482

Ⅶ．Oxidation of Acetate486

Ⅷ．Metabolism of Malate and the Reversibility of Oxalacetate Decarboxylation498

Ⅸ．Conclusion502

References503

AUTHOR INDEX509

SUBJECT INDEX525

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摘要：本文以《Modern Trends in Physiology and Biochemistry.pdf电子书版文档下载》为中心，从研究趋势、技术应用、研究方法以及未来展望四个方面对生理学和生物化学领域的最新进展进行了详细阐述，旨在为读者提供一份全面了解该领域发展动态的参考。

1、研究趋势

随着科学技术的不断发展，生理学和生物化学领域的研究趋势呈现出多元化、综合化的特点。首先，跨学科研究成为主流，生理学与生物化学、分子生物学、遗传学等多个学科相互渗透，共同推动着该领域的发展。其次，系统生物学和计算生物学等新兴学科的发展，为生理学和生物化学研究提供了新的思路和方法。最后，针对人类健康和疾病问题的研究成为热点，如癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病等。

此外，随着基因组学、蛋白质组学等技术的应用，生理学和生物化学研究正逐渐从宏观向微观转变，对生物大分子结构和功能的研究越来越深入。这些研究趋势为揭示生命现象的本质提供了有力支持。

同时，随着生物技术在农业、医药、环保等领域的广泛应用，生理学和生物化学研究在解决实际问题方面的作用日益凸显。例如，通过研究植物生理学，可以提高农作物产量和抗病性；通过研究动物生理学，可以改善动物福利和疾病防治。

2、技术应用

现代生理学和生物化学研究离不开各种先进技术的支持。其中，分子生物学技术如PCR、基因编辑等在研究基因表达、蛋白质功能等方面发挥着重要作用。此外，蛋白质组学、代谢组学等新兴技术为解析生物体内物质代谢和信号转导提供了有力手段。

在生理学领域，生物力学、神经生理学、心血管生理学等研究方法的应用，有助于揭示生物体在不同生理状态下的功能变化。例如，通过生物力学研究，可以了解骨骼、肌肉等组织的力学特性；通过神经生理学研究，可以揭示神经系统的信号传递机制。

在生物化学领域，色谱技术、质谱技术等分析手段的应用，为生物大分子的分离、鉴定和结构解析提供了有力支持。这些技术的进步，使得生理学和生物化学研究更加深入和精确。

3、研究方法

生理学和生物化学研究方法不断更新，以适应新的研究需求。其中，实验动物模型在生理学研究中具有重要意义，如小鼠、大鼠等动物模型广泛应用于心血管、神经、内分泌等系统的研究。此外，细胞培养、组织工程等技术在生物化学研究中得到广泛应用。

随着生物信息学的发展，数据挖掘、生物信息学分析等研究方法在生理学和生物化学研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对海量数据的分析，可以揭示生物体内复杂的生物学现象和调控机制。

此外，虚拟现实、人工智能等技术在生理学和生物化学研究中的应用，为模拟生物体结构和功能提供了新的途径。这些研究方法的创新，为生理学和生物化学研究提供了更多可能性。

4、未来展望

未来，生理学和生物化学研究将继续朝着多学科交叉、技术融合、应用拓展的方向发展。随着基因组编辑、合成生物学等技术的突破，人类有望在疾病治疗、生物制药等领域取得重大突破。

此外，随着全球气候变化、环境污染等问题日益严重，生理学和生物化学研究在解决生态环境、生物多样性保护等方面将发挥重要作用。同时，随着人工智能、大数据等技术的不断发展，生理学和生物化学研究将更加深入和精确。

总之，生理学和生物化学研究在推动人类健康、促进社会发展等方面具有重要意义。未来，该领域将继续保持快速发展态势，为人类创造更多福祉。

总结：

本文从研究趋势、技术应用、研究方法以及未来展望四个方面对《Modern Trends in Physiology and Biochemistry.pdf电子书版文档下载》进行了详细阐述，旨在为读者提供一份全面了解生理学和生物化学领域最新进展的参考。

文章总结了该领域的研究现状和发展趋势，为相关领域的研究者和从业者提供了有益的启示。

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