SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE FUNAMENTALSPDF电子书下载
外文
- 作 者:
- 出 版 社:ADDISON WESLEY LONGMAN
- 出版年份:1996
- ISBN:0201543931
- 页数:792 页
图书介绍: 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇:INTERMEDIATE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SIXTH EDITION下一篇:SAUNDERS MANUAL OF PEDIATRIC PRACTICE 《SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE FUNAMENTALS》目录 标签:
Part Ⅰ Semiconductor Fundamentals1
Chapter 1 Semiconductors: A General Introduction3
1.1 General Material Properties3
1.1.1 Composition3
1.1.2 Purity5
1.1.3 Structure6
1.2 Crystal Structure6
1.2.1 The Unit Cell Concept7
1.2.2 Simple 3-D Unit Cells8
1.2.3 Semiconductor Lattices9
1.2.4 Miller Indices12
1.3 Crystal Growth16
1.3.1 Obtaining Ultrapure Si16
1.3.2 Single-Crystal Formation17
1.4 Summary19
Problems19
Chapter 2 Carrier Modeling23
2.1 The Quantization Concept23
2.2 Semiconductor Models25
2.2.1 Bonding Model26
2.2.2 Energy Band Model26
2.2.3 Carriers29
2.2.4 Band Gap and Material Classification31
2.3 Carrier Properties32
2.3.1 Charge32
2.3.2 Effective Mass32
2.3.3 Carrier Numbers in Intrinsic Material34
2.3.4 Manipulation of Carrier Numbers—Doping35
2.3.5 Carrier-Related Terminology40
2.4 State and Carrier Distributions40
2.4.1 Density of States41
2.4.2 The Fermi Function42
2.4.3 Equilibrium Distribution of Carriers46
2.5 Equilibrium Carrier Concentrations49
2.5.1 Formulas for n and p49
2.5.2 Alternative Expressions for n and p52
2.5.3 ni and the np Product53
2.5.4 Charge Neutrality Relationship57
2.5.5 Carrier Concentration Calculations59
2.5.6 Determination of EF61
2.5.7 Carrier Concentration Temperature Dependence65
2.6 Summary and Concluding Comments67
Problems69
Chapter 3 Carrier Action75
3.1 Drift75
3.1.1 Definition-Visualization75
3.1.2 Drift Current76
3.1.3 Mobility79
3.1.4 Resistivity85
3.1.5 Band Bending89
3.2 Diffusion94
3.2.1 Definition-Visualization94
3.2.2 Hot-Point Probe Measurement97
3.2.3 Diffusion and Total Currents98
Diffusion Currents98
Total Currents99
3.2.4 Relating Diffusion Coeffcients/Mobilities99
Constancy of the Fermi Level99
Current Flow Under Equilibrium Conditions101
Einstein Relationship101
3.3 Recombination-Generation105
3.3.1 Definition-Visualization105
Band-to-Band Recombination105
R-G Center Recombination105
Auger Recombination107
Generation Processes107
3.3.2 Momentum Considerations107
3.3.3 R-G Statistics110
Photogeneration110
Indirect Thermal Recombination-Generation112
3.3.4 Minority Carrier Lifetimes116
General Information116
A Lifetime Measurement116
3.4 Equations of State120
3.4.1 Continuity Equations121
3.4.2 Minority Carrier Diffusion Equations122
3.4.3 Simplifications and Solutions124
3.4.4 Problem Solving124
Sample Problem No.1124
Sample Problem No.2128
3.5 Supplemental Concepts131
3.5.1 Diffusion Lengths131
3.5.2 Quasi-Fermi Levels132
3.6 Summary and Concluding Comments136
Problems138
Chapter 4 Basics of Device Fabrication149
4.1 Fabrication Processes149
4.1.1 Oxidation149
4.1.2 Diffusion152
4.1.3 Ion Implantation155
4.1.4 Lithography159
4.1.5 Thin-Film Deposition162
Evaporation162
Sputtering162
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)164
4.1.6 Epitaxy164
4.2 Device Fabrication Examples165
4.2.1 pn Junction Diode Fabrication166
4.2.2 Computer CPU Process Flow166
4.3 Summary174
R1 Part Ⅰ Supplement and Review175
Alternative/Supplemental Reading List175
Figure Sources/Cited References177
Review List of Terms178
Part Ⅰ—Review Problem Sets and Answers179
Part ⅡA pn Junction Diodes193
Chapter 5 pn Junction Electrostatics195
5.1 Preliminaries195
5.1.1 Junction Terminology/Idealized Profiles195
5.1.2 Poisson’s Equation197
5.1.3 Qualitative Solution198
5.1.4 The Built-in Potential (Vbi)203
5.1.5 The Depletion Approximation206
5.2 Quantitative Electrostatic Relationships209
5.2.1 Assumptions/Definitions209
5.2.2 Step Junction with VA = 0210
Solution for p210
Solution for ?210
Solution for V212
Solution for xn and xp213
5.2.3 Step Junction with VA ≠ 0215
5.2.4 Examination/Extrapolation of Results219
5.2.5 Linearly Graded Junctions223
5.3 Summary226
Problems227
Chapter 6 pn Junction Diode: Ⅰ-V Characteristics235
6.1 The Ideal Diode Equation235
6.1.1 Qualitative Derivation235
6.1.2 Quantitative Solution Strategy241
General Considerations241
Quasineutral Region Considerations242
Depletion Region Considerations243
Boundary Conditions244
“Game Plan” Summary246
6.1.3 Derivation Proper247
6.1.4 Examination of Results249
Ideal Ⅰ-V249
The Saturation Current250
Carrier Currents254
Carrier Concentrations255
6.2 Deviations from the Ideal260
6.2.1 Ideal Theory Versus Experiment260
6.2.2 Reverse-Bias Breakdown263
Avalanching264
Zener Process268
6.2.3 The R-G Current270
6.2.4 VA –→ Vbi High-Current Phenomena277
Series Resistance278
High-Level Injection279
6.3 Special Considerations281
6.3.1 Charge Control Approach282
6.3.2 Narrow-Base Diode284
Current Derivation284
Limiting Cases/Punch-Through286
6.4 Summary and Concluding Comments288
Problems289
Chapter 7 pn Junction Diode: Small-Signal Admittance301
7.1 Introduction301
7.2 Reverse-Bias Junction Capacitance301
7.2.1 General Information301
7.2.2 C-V Relationships305
7.2.3 Parameter Extraction/Profiling309
7.2.4 Reverse-Bias Conductance313
7.3 Forward-Bias Diffusion Admittance315
7.3.1 General Information315
7.3.2 Admittance Relationships318
7.4 Summary323
Problems324
Chapter 8 pn Junction Diode: Transient Response327
8.1 Turn-Off Transient327
8.1.1 Introduction327
8.1.2 Qualitative Analysis329
8.1.3 The Storage Delay Time333
Quantitative Analysis333
Measurement334
8.1.4 General Information338
8.2 Turn-On Transient338
8.3 Summary343
Problems344
Chapter 9 Optoelectronic Diodes347
9.1 Introduction347
9.2 Photodiodes349
9.2.1 pn Junction Photodiodes349
9.2.2 p-i-n and Avalanche Photodiodes352
p-i-n Photodiodes352
Avalanche Photodiodes355
9.3 Solar Cells356
9.3.1 Solar Cell Basics356
9.3.2 Efficiency Considerations357
9.3.3 Solar Cell Technology360
9.4 LEDs361
9.4.1 General Overview361
9.4.2 Commercial LEDs362
9.4.3 LED Packaging and Photon Extraction366
Part ⅡB BJTs and Other Junction Devices369
Chapter 10 BJT Fundamentals371
10.1 Terminology371
10.2 Fabrication374
10.3 Electrostatics378
10.4 Introductory Operational Considerations380
10.5 Performance Parameters382
Emitter Ef382
ciency382
Base Transport Factor383
Common Base d.c.Current Gain383
Common Emitter d.c.Current Gain384
10.6 Summary385
Problems385
Chapter 11 BJT Static Characteristics389
11.1 Ideal Transistor Analysis389
11.1.1 Solution Strategy389
Basic Assumptions389
Notation390
Diffusion Equations/Boundary Conditions390
Computational Relationships392
11.1.2 General Solution (W Arbitrary)393
Emitter/Collector Region Solutions393
Base Region Solution394
Performance Parameters/Terminal Currents395
11.1.3 Simplified Relationships (W 《 LB)397
△PB (x) in the Base398
Performance Parameters398
11.1.4 Ebers-Moll Equations and Model403
11.2 Deviations from the Ideal407
11.2.1 Ideal Theory/Experiment Comparison407
11.2.2 Base Width Modulation410
11.2.3 Punch-Through412
11.2.4 Avalanche Multiplication and Breakdown414
Common Base414
Common Emitter414
11.2.5 Geometrical Effects420
Emitter Area ≠ Collector Area420
Series Resistances421
Current Crowding421
11.2.6 Recombination-Generation Current422
11.2.7 Graded Base423
11.2.8 Figures of Merit424
11.3 Modern BJT Structures426
11.3.1 Polysilicon Emitter BJT426
11.3.2 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT)429
11.4 Summary432
Problems433
Chapter 12 BJT Dynamic Response Modeling443
12.1 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits443
12.1.1 Generalized Two-Port Model443
12.1.2 Hybrid-Pi Models446
12.2 Transient (Switching) Response449
12.2.1 Qualitative Observations449
12.2.2 Charge Control Relationships452
12.2.3 Quantitative Analysis454
Turn-on Transient454
Turn-off Transient456
12.2.4 Practical Considerations457
12.3 Summary458
Problems459
Chapter 13 PNPN Devices463
13.1 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)463
13.2 SCR Operational Theory465
13.3 Practical Turn-on/Turn-off Considerations470
13.3.1 Circuit Operation470
13.3.2 Additional Triggering Mechanisms471
13.3.3 Shorted-Cathode Configuration471
13.3.4 di/dt and dv/dt Effects472
13.3.5 Triggering Time473
13.3.6 Switching Advantages/Disadvantages473
13.4 Other PNPN Devices474
Chapter 14 MS Contacts and Schottky Diodes477
14.1 Ideal MS Contacts477
14.2 Schottky Diode483
14.2.1 Electrostatics483
Built-in Voltage483
p,?, V485
Depletion Width486
14.2.2 Ⅰ-V Characteristics487
14.2.3 a.c.Response493
14.2.4 Transient Response496
14.3 Practical Contact Considerations497
14.3.1 Rectifying Contacts497
14.3.2 Ohmic Contacts498
14.4 Summary500
Problems501
R2 Part Ⅱ Supplement and Review505
Alternative/Supplemental Reading List505
Figure Sources/Cited References506
Review List of Terms507
Part Ⅱ—Review Problem Sets and Answers508
Part Ⅲ Field Effect Devices523
Chapter 15 Field Effect Introduction—The J-FET and MESFET525
15.1 General Introduction525
15.2 J-FET530
15.2.1 Introduction530
15.2.2 Qualitative Theory of Operation531
15.2.3 Quantitative ID-VD Relationships536
15.2.4 a.c.Response547
15.3 MESFET550
15.3.1 General Information550
15.3.2 Short-Channel Considerations552
Variable Mobility Model553
Saturated Velocity Model554
Two-Region Model555
15.4 Summary557
Problems557
Chapter 16 MOS Fundamentals563
16.1 Ideal Structure Definition563
16.2 Electrostatics—Mostly Qualitative565
16.2.1 Visualization Aids565
Energy Band Diagram565
Block Charge Diagrams566
16.2.2 Effect of an Applied Bias567
General Observations567
Specific Biasing Regions568
16.3 Electrostatics—Quantitative Formulation571
16.3.1 Semiconductor Electrostatics571
Preparatory Considerations571
Delta-Depletion Solution576
16.3.2 Gate Voltage Relationship580
16.4 Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics584
16.4.1 Theory and Analysis584
Qualitative Theory584
Delta-Depletion Analysis590
16.4.2 Computations and Observations591
Exact Computations591
Practical Observations595
16.5 Summary and Concluding Comments599
Problems600
Chapter 17 MOSFETs—The Essentials611
17.1 Qualitative Theory of Operation611
17.2 Quantitative ID -VD Relationships617
17.2.1 Preliminary Considerations617
Threshold Voltage617
Effective Mobility618
17.2.2 Square-Law Theory620
17.2.3 Bulk-Charge Theory625
17.2.4 Charge-Sheet and Exact-Charge Theories628
17.3 a.c.Response630
17.3.1 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits630
17.3.2 Cutoff Frequency633
17.3.3 Small-Signal Characteristics634
17.4 Summary637
Problems638
Chapter 18 Nonideal MOS645
18.1 Metal-Semiconductor Workfunction Difference645
18.2 Oxide Charges650
18.2.1 General Information650
18.2.2 Mobile Ions653
18.2.3 The Fixed Charge658
18.2.4 Interfacial Traps662
18.2.5 Induced Charges668
Radiation Effects668
Negative-Bias Instability669
18.2.6 △VGSummary670
18.3 MOSFET Threshold Considerations674
18.3.1 VT Relationships675
18.3.2 Threshold, Terminology, and Technology676
18.3.3 Threshold Adjustment678
18.3.4 Back Biasing680
18.3.5 Threshold Summary681
Problems684
Chapter 19 Modern FET Structures691
19.1 Small Dimension Effects691
19.1.1 Introduction691
19.1.2 Threshold Voltage Modification694
Short Channel694
Narrow Width697
19.1.3 Parasitic BJT Action698
19.1.4 Hot-Carrier Effects700
Oxide Charging700
Velocity Saturation700
Velocity Overshoot/Ballistic Transport701
19.2 Select Structure Survey702
19.2.1 MOSFET Structures702
LDD Transistors702
DMOS703
Buried-Channel MOSFET704
SiGe Devices704
SOI Structures705
19.2.2 MODFET (HEMT)707
Problems710
R3 Part Ⅲ Supplement and Review713
Alternative/Supplemental Reading List713
Figure Sources/Cited References714
Review List of Terms717
Part Ⅲ—Review Problem Sets and Answers718
Appendices733
Appendix A Elements of Quantum Mechanics733
A.1 The Quantization Concept733
A.1.1 Blackbody Radiation733
A.1.2 The Bohr Atom735
A.1.3 Wave-Particle Duality737
A.2 Basic Formalism739
A.3 Electronic States in Atoms741
A.3.1 The Hydrogen Atom741
A.3.2 Multi-Electron Atoms744
Appendix B MOS Semiconductor Electrostatics—Exact Solution749
Definition of Parameters749
Exact Solution750
Appendix C MOS C-V Supplement753
Appendix D MOS I-V Supplement755
Appendix E List of Symbols757
Appendix M MATLAB Program Script771
Exercise 10.2 (BJT_Eband)771
Exercise 11.7 (BJT) and Exercise 11.10 (BJTplus)774
Exercise 16.5 (MOS_CV)778
Index781
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本文从文档概述、内容结构、应用领域和下载指南四个方面对《SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE FUNAMENTALS.pdf》进行了深入剖析,旨在为读者提供全面了解该文档的途径和方法。
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