Non-Economic Objectives in WTO LawPDF电子书下载
外文
- 作 者:
- 出 版 社:BRILL
- 出版年份:2009
- ISBN:9004178601;9004178600
- 页数:421 页
图书介绍: 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇:GLOBAL ANTITRUST LAW AND ECONOMICS下一篇:METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS SECOND EDITION 《Non-Economic Objectives in WTO Law》目录 标签:
Introduction1
Ⅰ.Purpose of this Study1
Ⅱ.Objective and Scope4
Ⅲ.Methodology5
Ⅳ.Structure9
PART ONE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES15
Chapter One Free Trade and Its Limits15
Ⅰ.Introduction15
Ⅱ.The Case for Free Trade16
A. Free Trade Theory17
B. Protectionism21
C. Free Trade in a Wider Context24
D. Conclusion26
Ⅲ.Objections to Free Trade27
A. Economic Arguments28
B. Non-Economic Arguments32
Ⅳ.Conclusion53
Chapter Two The Potential and Limitations of Interpretation in WTO Law55
Ⅰ.Introduction55
Ⅱ.Interrelationship between WTO Law and Public International Law56
Ⅲ.Methods of Interpretation in WTO Law61
A. Article 3.2 DSU61
B. Articles 31 and 32 VCLT and their Application in WTO Law62
C. General Rule: Article 31 VCLT63
D. Article 31(3)(c) VCLT: Promoting the Coherence of International Law69
E. Article 32 VCLT: Supplementary Means of Interpretation77
F. Additional Principles of Treaty Interpretation78
Ⅳ.Conclusion82
Chapter Three The Role and Function of Non-Economic Exception Clauses in Trade Agreements85
Ⅰ.Introduction85
Ⅱ.Basic Principles and Objectives of Trade Agreements86
Ⅲ.Reasons for Non-Economic Exception Clauses88
A. Stability and Flexibility88
B. State Sovereignty and Allocation of Power89
C. Intrinsic Importance of Non-Economic Objectives93
D. Tensions Inherent in the System95
Ⅳ.Scope and Nature of Exception Clauses96
A. Striking the Right Balance96
B. Network of Corresponding “Rights” and “Obligations”98
Ⅴ.Conclusion99
Chapter Four Two Models of Non-Economic Justification Clauses in WTO Law: GATT/GATS versus SPS/TBT101
Ⅰ.Introduction101
Ⅱ.Non-Economic Exception Clauses in GATT and GATS:The“Traditional Approach”101
A. Classifying Exception Clauses: Economic versus Non-Economic Objectives101
B. Drafting History103
C. The Rule-Exception Relationship105
D. Justification as a Two-Tier Test112
Ⅲ.Non-Economic Justification Provisions in the SPS and TBT Agreements: The “New Approach”117
A. Background117
B. Regulatory Philosophy and Structure of the SPS and TBT Agreements: Justification Inherent in the Rules118
Ⅳ.Conclusion121
PART TWO NON-ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION IN GATT AND GATS125
Chapter Five The Non-Economic Grounds of Justification in Art ⅩⅩ GATT and Art ⅩIⅣ GATS125
Ⅰ.Introductory Remarks125
A. Non-Economic Nature125
B. Autonomous Legal Concepts127
Ⅱ.Explicit Grounds of Justification128
A. Public Morals128
B. Public Order143
C. Human, Animal or Plant Life or Health149
D. Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources161
E. Securing Compliance with Laws or Regulations169
F. Other Grounds of Justification180
Ⅲ.Implicit Grounds of Justification182
A. Environment182
B. Human Rights189
C. Labour Standards204
D. Culture211
Chapter Six Substantive and Procedural Conditions for the Invocation of Art ⅩⅩ GATT and Art ⅩⅣ GATS225
Ⅰ.Introductory Remarks225
Ⅱ.Level of Protection225
A. Introduction225
B. Dispute Settlement Practice226
Ⅲ.Necessity Test229
A. Judicial Development of the Concept of “Necessity”230
B. Evaluation of the Necessity Test in a Comparative Context243
C. Lessons for the Necessity Test in WTO Law263
Ⅳ.“Relating to” Test265
A. Judicial Development266
B. Evaluation of the “Relating to” Test269
Ⅴ.Introductory Clause (“Chapeau”)272
A. Drafting History272
B. Purpose and Function of the Chapeau273
C. The Individual Requirements of the Chapeau278
D. Similar Concerns in the Second Sentence of Art 30 EC291
E. Evaluation295
Ⅵ.The Lawfulness of Trade Measures with Extraterritorial Focus297
A. Introduction297
B. “Unilateralism” and “Extraterritoriality”299
C. Trade Restrictions with Extraterritorial Focus: Exercise of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction?304
D. Evaluation under Art ⅩⅩ GATT and Art ⅩⅣ GATS308
E. Conclusion326
PART THREE NON-ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION IN THE SPS AND TBT AGREEMENTS331
Chapter SevenNon-Economic Justification Provisions in the SPS Agreement331
Ⅰ.SPS Agreement331
A. Drafting History and Background332
B. Scope and Purpose333
C. Regulatory Philosophy335
Ⅱ.Relationship with GATT and other WTO Agreements338
Ⅲ.Grounds of Justification339
Ⅳ.Substantive and Procedural Requirements341
A. Basic Rights and Obligations341
B. Appropriate Level of Protection343
C. Scientific Justification350
D. Design and Application of SPS Measures355
Ⅴ.Standard of Review and Risk Regulation359
Ⅵ.Conclusion360
Chapter EightNon-Economic Justification Provisions in the TBT Agreement365
Ⅰ.TBT Agreement365
A. Drafting History and Background366
B. Scope and Purpose368
C. Regulatory Philosophy369
Ⅱ.Relationship with GATT and other WTO Agreements371
Ⅲ.Grounds of Justification373
A. Legitimate Objectives373
B. Trade Measures with Extraterritorial Focus374
Ⅳ.Substantive and Procedural Requirements375
A. Non-Discrimination375
B. Level of Protection375
C. Necessity376
D. Obligation to Use International Standards379
Ⅴ.Conclusion384
Overall Conclusion387
Bibliography399
Appendix: Relevant Treaty Provisions413
Index419
相关图书
作者其它书籍
出版社其它书籍
本类热门
- 1PERIODICAL TITLE ABBREVIATIONS
- 2LEWIN’S GENES XII
- 3Mansfield Park(1814)
- 4CREDIT MODELS AND CRISIS
- 5Pride And Drejudice(1812)
- 6Sense And Sensibility(1811)
- 7HANDBOOK OF BUSINESS FORMULAS AND CONTROLS
- 8Emma(1815)
- 9Northanger Abbey(1818)
- 10HUMANITIES THE EVOLUTION OF VALUES
摘要:本文以《Non-Economic Objectives in WTO Law.pdf》电子书版文档下载为中心,从四个方面详细阐述了非经济目标在WTO法律中的重要性、挑战、应对策略及其影响。文章旨在为读者提供对WTO法律中非经济目标全面而深入的理解。
1、重要性
WTO法律中的非经济目标是指那些超越传统贸易和经济利益的宗旨,如环境保护、社会公正、文化保护等。这些目标的重要性体现在它们有助于实现可持续发展、维护全球贸易秩序和促进国际和平与合作。首先,非经济目标有助于平衡经济发展与环境保护的关系,推动绿色贸易和可持续发展。其次,它们有助于促进社会公正和减少贫困,实现贸易的包容性增长。最后,非经济目标有助于维护文化多样性和促进文化交流,增进各国人民的相互理解和友谊。
此外,非经济目标在WTO法律中的重要性还体现在它们有助于应对全球性挑战。例如,气候变化、传染病流行等全球性问题需要各国共同努力,而WTO法律中的非经济目标为此提供了法律框架和合作机制。
总之,非经济目标在WTO法律中的重要性不容忽视,它们是实现全球贸易与可持续发展的重要保障。
2、挑战
尽管非经济目标在WTO法律中具有重要性,但实现这些目标也面临着诸多挑战。首先,各国在非经济目标上的利益诉求存在差异,导致在谈判过程中难以达成共识。例如,发达国家与发展中国家在环境保护、劳工权益等方面的立场存在较大分歧。
其次,非经济目标与经济目标之间存在冲突。在某些情况下,为了实现非经济目标,可能需要牺牲一定的经济利益,这在实践中往往难以平衡。
此外,非经济目标的实施效果难以衡量,使得各国在评估和监督方面存在困难。这可能导致一些国家在履行非经济目标义务时存在选择性执行或规避行为。
3、应对策略
针对非经济目标在WTO法律中面临的挑战,各国可以采取以下应对策略。首先,加强国际合作,通过对话和协商解决分歧,寻求共同利益。例如,在环境保护方面,发达国家可以提供技术援助和资金支持,帮助发展中国家提高环保能力。
其次,完善WTO法律体系,明确非经济目标的内涵、范围和实施标准,为各国提供明确的法律依据。同时,加强对非经济目标实施效果的评估和监督,确保各国履行义务。
此外,各国可以发挥自身优势,推动非经济目标的实现。例如,发展中国家可以发挥人力资源优势,积极参与全球治理,推动贸易自由化和经济一体化进程。
4、影响
非经济目标在WTO法律中的实施对全球贸易和可持续发展产生了深远影响。首先,非经济目标的实现有助于推动全球贸易自由化和经济一体化,为各国创造更多发展机遇。
其次,非经济目标的实施有助于促进全球治理体系改革,提高国际组织的治理能力和公信力。
此外,非经济目标的实现有助于增进各国人民的福祉,推动全球和平与发展。
总结:
本文从四个方面详细阐述了非经济目标在WTO法律中的重要性、挑战、应对策略及其影响。非经济目标在WTO法律中的地位日益凸显,各国应共同努力,推动非经济目标的实现,为全球贸易与可持续发展贡献力量。
本文由nayona.cn整理
联系我们
关注公众号
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫