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PROTECTING THE OCEANS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION STRENGTHENING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW FRAMEWORKPDF电子书下载

外文

• 作 者：
• 出 版 社：MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS
• 出版年份：2009
• ISBN：9004172629
• 页数：275 页

图书介绍： 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇：THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2012下一篇：UNITED STATES MONETARY POLICY 《PROTECTING THE OCEANS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION STRENGTHENING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW FRAMEWORK》目录 标签：

Chapter 1 The Impact of Human Uses on the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction1

A．Introduction1

B．The Physical Characteristics of the Open Ocean and Deep Seabed Environments2

1．Marine Biological Divisions of the Ocean3

2．Biogeographic Divisions of the Ocean5

3．Seafloor Topography6

C．Deep Sea Habitats7

1．Seamounts7

2．Hydrothermal Vents8

3．Cold Seeps and Pockmarks10

4．Deep Sea Trenches11

5．Deep Sea Coral Reefs13

D．Threats to the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction from Human Activities14

1．Threats Associated with Marine Living Resource Exploitation15

2．Threats Associated with Marine Transport17

3．Threats Associated with Deep Seabed Mining18

4．Threats Associated with Bioprospecting and Marine Scientific Research20

5．Threats Associated with Climate Change Mitigation Activities21

E．Conclusion25

Chapter 2 The Law of the Sea Convention Framework for Regulating Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction27

A．Introduction27

B．The High Seas Regime28

1．Invalidity of Sovereign Claims over the High Seas30

2．Freedoms of the High Seas31

3．Flag State Jurisdiction35

4．Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas39

C．The Seabed Beyond National Jurisdiction40

D．Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment47

1．General Provisions47

2．Global and Regional Cooperation in Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction50

3．Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring51

4．Prescriptive Jurisdiction over Pollution of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction52

5．Enforcement Jurisdiction over Pollution of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction55

E．Conclusion64

Chapter 3 Developing Complementary Principles for Regulating the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction67

A．Introduction67

B．Establishing a Framework for Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment68

1．Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment68

C．Integrated and Ecosystem Based Management of the Marine Environment74

1．World Conservation Strategy-IUCN/UNEP/WWF Report 198075

2．Our Common Future-Brundtland Report 198777

3．Caring for the Earth-A Strategy for Sustainable Living-IUCN/UNEP/WWF Report,199179

4．United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED),199280

5．Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),199291

6．World Summit on Sustainable Development-Johannesburg 200295

D．Conclusion96

Chapter 4 Sectoral Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction-Marine Living Resource Exploitation and Maritime Transport99

A．Introduction99

B．The Exploitation of Marine Living Resources Beyond National Jurisdiction-Regulatory Framework for Environmental Protection100

1．1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement102

2．FAO Code for Responsible Fisheries,1995108

3．FAO High Seas Compliance Agreement,1993111

4．Regional Fisheries Management Organizations112

5．Overall Assessment of RFMO Performance in relation to Protection of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction124

C．Maritime Transport Beyond National Jurisdiction-Environmental Regulation127

1．Vessel Source Pollution128

2．Invasive Aquatic Species in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction145

3．Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas148

4．The Effectiveness of the Maritime Transport Framework for Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction154

Chapter 5 Sectoral Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction-Deep Seabed Mining157

A．Introduction157

B．ISA Regulations on Prospecting and Exploration for Polymetallic Nodules in the Area158

1．Polymetallic Nodule Environmental Guidelines and State Practice in Complying with Polymetallic Nodules Regulations162

C．Draft ISA Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Polymetallic Sulphides and Ferromanganese Cobalt Rich Crusts(PSFCRC Regulations)166

D．Conclusion170

Chapter 6 Regional Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction173

A．Introduction173

B．UNEP Regional Seas Conventions and their Application to Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction175

1．Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region(Noumea Convention)177

2．Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean(Barcelona Convention)181

3．Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region(Cartagena Convention)187

4．Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the South East Pacific(Lima Convention)190

C．Non UNEP Regional Marine Environmental Protection Regimes and their Application to Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction193

1．Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic(OSPAR Convention)193

2．Integrated Protection of the Antarctic Marine Environment199

D．Conclusion204

Chapter 7 International Initiatives to Strengthen the Environmental Protection Framework for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction207

A．Introduction207

B．Current International Discussions on the Protection of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction208

1．United Nations Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea(UNICPOLOS)209

2．BBNJ Working Group211

3．Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of the Parties(CBD COP)214

4．FAO Committee on Fisheries(COFI)215

5．IUCN High Seas Governance for the 21st Century Workshop215

C．Options for Strengthening the Environmental Protection Framework for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction220

1．Soft Law Declaration of Oceans Governance Principles for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction221

2．Global Binding Instruments to Strengthen Environmental Protection Beyond National Jurisdiction221

3．Regional Agreements231

D．Conclusion233

Bibliography235

Index257

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摘要：本文以“PROTECTING THE OCEANS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION STRENGTHENING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW FRAMEWORK.pdf电子书版文档下载”为中心，从海洋保护的国际法律框架、海洋环境保护的挑战、海洋保护的国际合作以及海洋保护的未来展望四个方面进行了详细阐述，旨在为我国海洋保护提供有益的参考。

1、海洋保护的国际法律框架

《保护海洋环境免受陆地来源污染的公约》（简称《海洋污染公约》）是国际海洋保护的重要法律框架。该公约旨在防止海洋污染，保护海洋环境。此外，还有《联合国海洋法公约》、《国际海洋生物多样性保护公约》等国际法律文件，共同构成了海洋保护的国际法律体系。

《海洋污染公约》规定了各国在海洋环境保护方面的权利和义务，明确了海洋污染的防治措施。公约要求各国采取措施防止海洋污染，包括控制陆地污染源、加强海洋环境监测、实施海洋环境保护措施等。这些法律框架为国际海洋保护提供了法律依据和行动指南。

然而，由于海洋环境的复杂性和跨国性，海洋保护的国际法律框架仍存在一些不足。例如，公约的执行力度不够，部分国家未能充分履行其义务；公约的适用范围有限，未能涵盖所有海洋污染问题。

2、海洋环境保护的挑战

海洋环境保护面临着诸多挑战。首先，海洋污染源众多，包括陆地污染、船舶污染、海洋工程活动等。这些污染源对海洋环境造成了严重破坏，威胁着海洋生物多样性和人类健康。

其次，海洋环境保护的国际合作存在困难。由于各国利益不同，国际合作难以达成共识。此外，海洋环境保护的资金投入不足，技术手段有限，也制约了海洋环境保护工作的开展。

此外，海洋环境保护的法律法规体系尚不完善。部分国家缺乏有效的海洋环境保护法律法规，导致海洋污染问题难以得到有效治理。

3、海洋保护的国际合作

海洋保护的国际合作是解决海洋环境保护问题的关键。各国应加强沟通与协调，共同应对海洋污染挑战。近年来，国际社会在海洋环境保护方面取得了一些进展，如《巴塞尔公约》、《鹿特丹公约》等国际公约的签署和实施。

此外，国际组织如联合国环境规划署（UNEP）、国际海事组织（IMO）等在海洋环境保护方面发挥了积极作用。这些组织通过制定国际标准和规范，推动各国加强海洋环境保护合作。

然而，海洋保护的国际合作仍面临诸多挑战。各国在海洋环境保护方面的利益诉求不同，国际合作机制尚不完善，国际合作力度有待加强。

4、海洋保护的未来展望

面对海洋环境保护的挑战，国际社会应共同努力，推动海洋保护事业的发展。首先，加强海洋环境保护的国际法律框架，完善相关法律法规，提高公约的执行力度。

其次，加大海洋环境保护的资金投入，提高海洋环境保护的技术水平，推动海洋环境保护工作的开展。

此外，加强海洋环境保护的国际合作，推动各国共同应对海洋污染挑战，实现海洋环境的可持续发展。

总结：

本文从海洋保护的国际法律框架、海洋环境保护的挑战、海洋保护的国际合作以及海洋保护的未来展望四个方面对“PROTECTING THE OCEANS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION STRENGTHENING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW FRAMEWORK.pdf电子书版文档下载”进行了详细阐述。海洋保护是一项全球性的事业，需要各国共同努力，加强国际合作，共同应对海洋污染挑战，实现海洋环境的可持续发展。

本文由nayona.cn整理

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