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International Trade in Gambling ServicesPDF电子书下载

外文

• 作 者：
• 出 版 社：Aspen Publications
• 出版年份：2010
• ISBN：9789041132482;9041132481
• 页数：276 页

图书介绍： 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇：THE REFUGEE INTERNATIONAL LAW下一篇：Optical Performance Monitoring Advanced Techniques for Next-Generation Photonic Networks 《International Trade in Gambling Services》目录 标签：

Part ⅠIntroduction1

Chapter 1Succinct Facts and Figures3

Chapter 2Definition of Gambling7

Chapter 3Categories of Gambling11

1.Lottery11

2.Betting13

3.Casino Gambling15

4.Other Forms of Land-Based Gambling16

5.Remote Gambling18

Chapter 4National Regulation of Cross-Border Gambling Services21

1.Restrictive Jurisdictions21

1.1.Situation in Canada22

1.2.Situation in the US22

1.3.Situation in Most European Union States23

1.4.Situation in Switzerland29

1.5.Situation in New Zealand30

1.6.Situation in Several Asian Jurisdictions31

2.Permissive Jurisdictions32

2.1.Permissive Jurisdictions in North America33

2.2.Permissive Jurisdictions in Europe33

2.3.Permissive Jurisdictions in Central America and the Caribbean Area34

2.4.Permissive Jurisdictions in Oceania35

2.5.Permissive Jurisdictions in Africa36

2.6.Permissive Jurisdictions in Asia36

Part ⅡGlobal Trade in Gambling Services39

Chapter 5Trade in Gambling Services in the GATS41

1.Introductory Elements41

2.Modes of Supply44

2.1.Mode 1： Cross-Border Gambling44

2.2.Mode 2： Tourist Gamblers45

2.3.Mode 3： Commercial Presence46

2.4.Mode 4： Movement of Natural Persons47

3.Market Access and National Treatment47

4.General Exceptions48

5.The US Gambling Case49

5.1.Overview of the Case and Main Arguments of the Parties49

5.1.1.Antigua’s Claims and the US Responses49

5.1.1.1.The Question of the US Commitments49

5.1.1.2.The Measure at Issue and the ‘Zero Quota’50

5.1.1.3.The Alleged Violation of Article ⅩⅥ51

5.1.1.4.The Alleged Violation of Article ⅩⅦ51

5.1.1.5.Exemptions under Article ⅩⅣ52

5.1.2.DSU Findings and Subsequent Procedures53

5.2.Issues Resolved by the Disputed Settlement Unit54

5.2.1.The Measure at Issue and the ‘Zero Quota’54

5.2.1.1.DSU Findings55

5.2.1.2.Critique60

5.2.1.2.1.Interpretation of Sub-paragraph （a） of GATS Article ⅩⅥ：260

5.2.1.2.2.A Non-discriminatory Zero-Quota Is Not a Quota under Article ⅩⅥ62

5.2.2.The Question of the US Commitments63

5.2.2.1.DSU Findings64

5.2.2.1.1.Interpretation through Article 31 of the Vienna Convention64

5.2.2.1.2.Article 32 of the Viennary Convention： Supplementary Means of Interpretation67

5.2.2.2.Critique68

5.2.2.2.1.The Nature of the Members’ Schedules of Commitments69

5.2.2.2.2.‘Context’ versus ‘Supplementary Means of Interpretation’70

5.2.2.2.3.The Question of the Prevailing Language72

5.2.2.2.4.The Utility of Comparing the US Schedule with Other Members’Schedules73

5.2.3.Article ⅩⅥ： Market Access74

5.2.3.1.DSU Findings75

5.2.3.1.1.The First Paragraph of Article ⅩⅥ75

5.2.3.1.2.The Second Paragraph of Article ⅩⅥ76

5.2.3.1.3.Application of the Legal Standard to the Facts of the Case：The Measure at Issue78

5.2.3.2.Critique82

5.2.3.2.1.Relationship between Article ⅩⅦ and Article ⅩⅥ： Market Access Restriction or Domestic Regulation？82

5.2.3.2.2.Relationship between Article ⅩⅥ And ⅩⅦ： Is There a Need to Schedule Non-discriminatory Market Access Barriers？85

5.2.4.Article ⅩⅣ： General Exceptions88

5.2.4.1.DSU Findings89

5.2.4.1.1.Provisional Justification under Article ⅩⅣ（a）90

5.2.4.1.2.Provisional Justification under Article ⅩⅣ（c）95

5.2.4.1.3.The Chapeau of Article ⅩⅣ96

5.2.4.2.Critique99

5.2.4.2.1.‘Public Morals’ Phraseology in International Treaties100

5.2.4.2.2.What Is ‘Public Morality’ in the WTO System？102

5.2.4.2.3.National ‘Public Morals’ Asserted by an International Tribunal： Challenges and Examples106

5.2.4.2.4.Remaining Question Marks on the Relationship ‘Gambling – Crime -Public Order’109

5.3.Unresolved Questions after US Gambling112

5.3.1.‘Technical Neutrality’， ‘Evolutionary Treaty Interpretation’ and ‘Fundamental Intentions of the Parties’113

5.3.1.1.‘The law stays as it was written； men，on the contrary， never rest’114

5.3.1.2.Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties by International Tribunals115

5.3.1.3.Reservations as to the Evolutionary Approach116

5.3.2.Likeness in the GATS： Is a Brick-and-Mortar Casino‘like’ an Internet Casino？119

5.3.2.1.Hypothesis 1： Assessing Likeness Is Crucial in Order to Assess National Treatment123

5.3.2.2.Hypothesis 2： Circumventing the Issue of Likeness and Focusing on Discrimination126

6.Alternative Approach to the US Gambling Case127

6.1.Brief Summary of Critiques to the US Gambling Reports127

6.2.Alternative Approaches to the US Gambling Dispute128

6.3.Closing Remarks130

7.Possible Future Developments131

8.Intermediary Conclusion132

Chapter 6 Trade in Services and the OECD133

1.Introductory Elements133

2.Services Liberalization under the OECD Instruments134

3.Market Access and National Treatment135

4.General Exceptions136

5.Gambling in the OECD Framework137

6.Intermediary Conclusion137

Part Ⅲ Regional Trade in Gambling Services139

Chapter 7 Trade in Gambling Services in the European Union141

1.Introduction to Services in the European Union142

1.1.The European Union： A Unique Legal Structure142

1.2.Services in the European Union144

1.2.1.Legal Basis145

1.2.2.Measures Restricting the Freedom to Provide Services： Justification and Proportionality147

2.Gambling as a Service within the European Union149

2.1.Gambling in the EU： Economic Context149

2.2.National Barriers to the Free Movement of Gambling Services150

2.3.Justifications for the Restrictions of Cross-Border Gambling Services152

2.4.Proportionality Requirements153

2.5.Taxation of Gambling Services in the European Union154

3.Position of the ECJ155

3.1.Pre-Gambelli Jurisprudence156

3.1.1.Schindler Case， 1994156

3.1.1.1.Facts156

3.1.1.2.Key Findings156

3.1.1.3.Analysis156

3.1.2.Laara Case， 1999157

3.1.2.1.Facts157

3.1.2.2.Key Findings157

3.1.2.3.Analysis157

3.1.3.Zenatti Case， 1999159

3.1.3.1.Facts159

3.1.3.2.Key Findings159

3.1.3.3.Analysis159

3.1.4.Anomar Case， 2003160

3.1.4.1.Facts160

3.1.4.2.Key Findings161

3.1.4.3.Analysis162

3.1.5.Lindman Case， 2003162

3.1.5.1.Facts162

3.1.5.2.Key Findings163

3.1.5.3.Analysis163

3.2.The Gambelli Case Law and Subsequent Jurisprudence163

3.2.1.Gambelli Case， 2003164

3.2.1.1.Facts164

3.2.1.2.Key Findings164

3.2.1.3.Analysis165

3.2.2.Placanica Case， 2007166

3.2.2.1.Facts166

3.2.2.2.Key Findings167

3.2.2.3.Analysis168

3.2.3.Unibet case， 2007169

3.2.3.1.Facts169

3.2.3.2.Findings and Analysis170

3.2.4.Commission v.Italy Case， 2007170

3.2.4.1.Facts170

3.2.4.2.Key Findings171

3.2.4.3.Analysis171

3.2.5.The Liga Portuguesa Case， 2009171

3.2.5.1.Facts172

3.2.5.2.Findings and Analysis173

3.3.Pending Cases before the ECJ175

3.3.1.Cases Concerning Austria175

3.3.2.Cases Concerning France175

3.3.3.Cases Concerning Germany176

3.3.4.Cases Concerning The Netherlands178

3.3.5.Cases Concerning Portugal179

3.3.6.Cases Concerning Sweden180

3.4.Gambling and the Free Movement of Goods in the ECJ Jurisprudence181

3.4.1.European Commission v.Greece Case， 2006181

3.4.1.1.Facts181

3.4.1.2.Key Findings182

3.4.1.3.Analysis182

4.The Approaches Taken by National Courts183

4.1.A Purely National Approach： Cross-Border Gambling Violates National Law183

4.1.1.Germany183

4.1.2.Italy184

4.1.3.Portugal184

4.2.Dissonant Interpretation of Articles 43 and 49 EC Treaty before the Gambelli Judgment184

4.2.1.Denmark185

4.2.2.France185

4.2.3.Germany185

4.2.4.Italy185

4.2.5.The Netherlands186

4.3.Discord Continues after Gambelli187

4.3.1.Belgium187

4.3.2.Finland187

4.3.3.Germany188

4.3.4.Italy189

4.3.5.The Netherlands190

4.3.6.Sweden191

4.4.An Improved Coordination after 2007？192

4.4.1.France192

4.4.2.Germany193

4.4.3.Italy194

4.4.4.The Netherlands194

4.5.Intermediary Conclusion194

5.Position of the European Commission195

5.1.Enforcing European Law with Regard to Gambling Services196

5.2.The Proposal of Directive to Create an Internal Market for Services198

5.2.1.The Initial Proposal199

5.2.2.Exclusion of Games of Chance During the Legislative Procedure202

6.Position of the European Parliament204

6.1.The Resolution on the White Paper on Sport204

6.2.The Integrity of Online Gambling Report205

7.Implications of a Single European Gambling Market206

7.1.Economic Consequences206

7.1.1.London Economics Report207

7.1.2.Europe Economics Report208

7.1.3.ISDC Gambling Services Report208

7.2.Social Consequences209

8.Intermediary Conclusion211

Chapter 8Trade in Gambling Services under EFTA213

1.Introductory Elements213

2.Gambling Services under EFTA214

3.The EFTA Court Jurisprudence Concerning Gambling214

3.1.EFTA Surveillance Authority v.Norway， 2007215

3.2.Ladbrokes Limited v.Norway， 2007215

4.Intermediary Conclusion216

Chapter 9 Trade in Gambling Services under NAFTA217

1.Introductory Elements217

2.Services under NAFTA218

3.Modes of Supply219

4.Market Access and National Treatment220

5.General Exceptions221

6.Case Law： The Thunderbird Gaming Award222

6.1.Facts of the Case223

6.2.Main Issues and Argumentation223

6.3.The Appeal against the Thunderbird Gaming Award225

7.Intermediary Conclusion226

Chapter 10 Trade in Gambling Services under DR-CAFTA227

1.Introductory Elements227

2.Modes of Supply228

3.Market Access and National Treatment228

4.General Exceptions229

5.Gambling Services in the DR-CAFTA Framework229

6.Intermediary Conclusion230

Chapter 11Trade in Gambling Services under MERCOSUR231

1.Introductory Elements231

2.Services in the MERCOSUR Framework232

3.Market Access and National Treatment232

4.General Exceptions233

5.Gambling in the MERCOSUR Framework233

6.Intermediary Conclusion234

Chapter 12Trade of Gambling Services under ASEAN FTA235

1.Introductory Elements235

2.Services in the ASEAN Framework236

3.Market Access and National Treatment236

4.General Exceptions237

5.Gambling Services under the ASEAN Framework237

6.Intermediary Conclusion238

Conclusion and Closing Remarks239

List of Cases243

General Bibliography247

Gambling-Related Bibliography257

Other Documents269

Index271

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摘要：本文以《International Trade in Gambling Services.pdf电子书版文档下载》为中心，详细探讨了赌博服务国际贸易的现状、挑战、机遇及发展趋势。通过对该文档的深入分析，旨在为我国赌博服务国际贸易提供有益的参考和借鉴。

1、现状分析

随着全球经济的快速发展，赌博服务国际贸易呈现出蓬勃发展的态势。根据《International Trade in Gambling Services.pdf电子书版文档下载》的数据显示，近年来，全球赌博市场规模不断扩大，赌博服务贸易额逐年攀升。然而，各国在赌博服务国际贸易中的地位和影响力存在较大差异，一些国家和地区凭借其独特的地理位置、政策优势和市场需求，成为全球赌博服务贸易的重要参与者。

此外，赌博服务国际贸易还呈现出以下特点：一是线上赌博市场迅速崛起，成为赌博服务贸易的新增长点；二是赌博服务贸易的地域分布不均，主要集中在欧洲、北美和亚洲地区；三是赌博服务贸易政策法规差异较大，对国际贸易产生一定影响。

总之，赌博服务国际贸易正处于快速发展阶段，但同时也面临着诸多挑战。

2、挑战分析

尽管赌博服务国际贸易发展迅速，但同时也面临着诸多挑战。首先，法律法规差异是制约赌博服务国际贸易发展的主要因素。不同国家和地区对赌博的法律法规存在较大差异，这给赌博服务国际贸易带来了诸多不便。

其次，赌博服务贸易的监管问题也是一大挑战。一些国家和地区对赌博服务贸易的监管力度不够，导致赌博市场秩序混乱，甚至出现了一些非法赌博活动。

此外，赌博服务贸易还面临着市场竞争激烈、技术更新换代快、消费者需求多样化等挑战。

3、机遇分析

尽管赌博服务国际贸易面临诸多挑战，但同时也蕴藏着巨大的机遇。首先，全球经济的快速发展为赌博服务国际贸易提供了广阔的市场空间。随着人们生活水平的提高，对娱乐休闲的需求不断增长，为赌博服务贸易提供了良好的发展机遇。

其次，互联网技术的飞速发展为赌博服务国际贸易提供了新的发展模式。线上赌博市场的崛起，为赌博服务贸易带来了新的增长点。

此外，一些国家和地区对赌博服务贸易的政策逐渐放宽，为我国赌博服务国际贸易提供了更多的发展机会。

4、发展趋势

根据《International Trade in Gambling Services.pdf电子书版文档下载》的分析，未来赌博服务国际贸易将呈现以下发展趋势：一是线上赌博市场将继续保持高速增长；二是赌博服务贸易的地域分布将更加均衡；三是赌博服务贸易的政策法规将逐步完善；四是赌博服务贸易的技术创新将不断涌现。

总之，赌博服务国际贸易在未来将面临更多机遇和挑战，各国应加强合作，共同推动赌博服务国际贸易的健康发展。

总结：

本文通过对《International Trade in Gambling Services.pdf电子书版文档下载》的深入分析，全面探讨了赌博服务国际贸易的现状、挑战、机遇及发展趋势。在当前全球经济一体化的大背景下，我国应抓住机遇，应对挑战，推动赌博服务国际贸易的健康发展。

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